Neighbour cell quality measurement in a telecommunications system

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to methods and arrangements for neighbor cell quality measurements using silent resource element (RE) grids, and as well to a silent RE grid.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to methods and arrangements in atelecommunications system, in particular it relates to methods andarrangements for neighbour cell quality measurements in atelecommunications system.

BACKGROUND

In E-UTRAN (Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, alsocalled 3GPP) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)technology is used in the downlink. OFDM is a modulation scheme in whichthe data to be transmitted is split into several sub-streams, where eachsub-stream is modulated on a separate sub-carrier. Hence, in OFDMA basedsystems, the available bandwidth is sub-divided into severalsub-channels called resource blocks (RB) or units, in both uplink anddownlink. A resource block is defined in both time and frequency.According to the current assumptions, used herein, a resource block sizeis 180 KHz and 0.5 ms (time slot) in the frequency and time domains,respectively. The resource block size in the time domain, here 0.5 ms,is often called time slot. One or more resource blocks are allocated toa User Equipment (UE) for data transmission. The transmission timeinterval (TTI) comprises 2 time slots, which correspond to a sub-frameof 1 ms length in time. The radio frame is 10 ms long i.e. comprising of10 sub-frames, as shown in FIG. 2 g. The overall uplink and downlinkcell transmission bandwidth can be as large as 20 MHz; other typicalbandwidths are 1.4, 3, 5, 10 and 15 MHz. In the case of 20 MHz bandwidthup to 100 resource blocks (RB) containing data and control signallingcan be transmitted by the UE in the uplink or by the network, e.g, abase station, in the downlink. The UE can be allocated a sub-set of theresource blocks for reception and transmission of data and controlsignalling.

Downlink Neighbour Cell Measurements for Mobility

In WCDMA the following three downlink neighbour cell measurementquantities are specified primarily for mobility purposes:

-   -   1. Common Pilot CHannel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power        (RSCP), the received power on one code after de-spreading        measured on the pilot bits of the CPICH. The reference point for        the RSCP is the antenna connector at the UE.    -   2. CPICH Ec/No; CPICH Ec/No=CPICH RSCP/carrier RSSI, where        RSSI=Received Signal Strength Indicator. CPICH Ec/No can be        described as the received energy per chip divided by the power        density in the band. Measurement is suitably performed on the        CPICH. The reference point for CPICH Ec/No is the antenna        connector at the UE.    -   3. UTRA carrier RSSI, can be described as the wide-band received        power within the relevant channel bandwidth. Measurement is        suitably performed on a UTRAN downlink carrier. The reference        point for the RSSI is the antenna connector at the UE.

Reference [1] describes downlink neighbour cell measurements for WCDMAmore in detail.

The RSCP is measured by the UE on cell level basis on the common pilotchannel (CPICH). The UTRA carrier RSSI is measured over the entirecarrier. The UTRA carrier RSSI is the total received power and noisefrom all cells (including serving cells) on the same carrier. The aboveCPICH measurements are quantities that are often used for the mobilitydecisions.

In E-UTRAN the following three downlink neighbour cell measurementquantities are specified also primarily for mobility purposes:

-   -   i. Reference symbol received power (RSRP)    -   ii. Reference symbol received quality (RSRQ): RSRQ=RSRP/carrier        RSSI    -   iii. E-UTRA carrier RSSI

Reference [2] describes downlink neighbour cell measurements for E-UTRANmore in detail.

The RSRP or RSRP part in RSRQ is solely measured by the UE on cell levelbasis on reference symbols. As in the case of WCDMA, the E-UTRA carrierRSSI is measured over the entire carrier. It is also the total receivedpower and noise from all cells (including serving cells) on the samecarrier. The two RS based measurement quantities (i. and ii.) are oftenused for the mobility decisions.

The neighbour cell measurements are averaged over a long time period, inthe order of 200 ms or even longer, to filter out the effect of smallscale fading.

There is also a requirement on the UE to measure and report theneighbour cell measurements, e.g. of RSRP and/or RSRQ in E-UTRAN, from acertain minimum number of cells. In both WCDMA and E-UTRAN this numberis often 8 cells (comprising one serving and seven neighbour cells) onthe serving carrier frequency. The serving carrier frequency is commonlycalled intra-frequency. Hence, the expression “neighbour cell” includesboth the serving cell of an UE and the neighbour cells of this servingcell.

Sampling of Neighbour Cell Measurements

The overall neighbour cell measurement quantity results comprisesnon-coherent averaging of 2 or more basic non-coherent averaged samples.An example of RSRP measurement averaging in E-UTRAN is shown in FIG. 1.The figure illustrates that the UE obtains the overall measurementquantity result by collecting four non-coherent averaged samples orsnapshots, each of 3 ms length in this example, during the physicallayer measurement period, e.g. 200 ms. Every coherent averaged sample is1 ms long. In this example a 3 ms non-coherent sample comprises 3consecutive coherent samples. The measurement accuracy of the neighbourcell measurement quantity, e.g. RSRP or RSRQ, is specified over thephysical layer measurement period. It should be noted that the samplingrate is UE implementation specific. Therefore in another implementationa UE may use only 3 snap shots over a 200 ms interval or measurementperiod. Regardless of the sampling rate, it is important that themeasured quantity fulfils the performance requirements in terms of thespecified measurement accuracy.

In case of RSRQ both RSRP, numerator, and carrier RSSI, denominator,should be sampled at the same time or instant to follow similar fadingprofiles on both components.

Mobility Scenarios

There are basically, or at least, two kinds of mobility:

-   -   a. Idle mode mobility: cell reselection    -   b. Connected mode mobility: handover

The cell reselection is mainly a UE autonomous function without anydirect intervention of the network. But to some extent the behaviour ofthe UE in this mobility scenario could still be controlled by somebroadcasted system parameters and performance specification.

The handover is on the other hand often fully controlled by the networkthrough explicit UE specific commands and by performance specification.

In both idle and connected modes the mobility decisions are mainly basedon the same kind of downlink neighbour cell measurements, which werediscussed previously.

Both WCDMA and E-UTRAN are frequency reuse-1 systems. This means thatthe geographically closest or physically adjacent neighbour cellsoperate on the same carrier frequency. An operator may also deploymultiple frequency layers within the same coverage area. Therefore, idlemode and connected mode mobility in both WCDMA and E-UTRAN could bebroadly classified into three main categories:

-   -   Intra-frequency mobility (idle and connected modes)    -   Inter-frequency mobility (idle and connected modes)    -   Inter-RAT mobility (idle and connected modes)

In intra-frequency mobility the UE moves between the cells belonging tothe same carrier frequency. This is an important, maybe even the mostimportant, mobility scenario since it involves less cost in terms ofdelay due. This mobility scenario involves shorter delay since UEmeasurements are not done during the measurement gaps. Secondly mosthandovers and cell reselections are carried out between the cellsoperating over the same carrier frequency. In addition, an operatorwould have at least one carrier at its disposal that it would like to beefficiently utilized.

In inter-frequency mobility the UE moves between cells belonging todifferent carrier frequencies but of the same access technology. Thiscould be considered as a less important mobility scenario thanintra-frequency mobility. This is because handover and cell reselectionbetween cells belonging to different carriers are carried out when nosuitable cell is available on the serving carrier frequency.Furthermore, UE measurements for inter-frequency mobility are done ingaps. This increases measurement delay and consequently involves longerhandover delay compared to that in case of intra-frequency scenario.

In inter-RAT mobility the UE moves between cells that belong todifferent access technologies such as between WCDMA and GSM or viceversa. This scenario is particularly important in case an operator doesnot have full coverage of all the supported RATs in its network. Duringan initial deployment an operator may have limited coverage of the newlydeployed technology. Thus inter-RAT handover would ensure ubiquitousservice to the users even if all RATs don't have full coverage.Furthermore, an operator may optimize different RATs for differentservices e.g. GSM for speed, UTRAN for packet data and E-UTRAN for bothspeech and packet data. Thus if UE switches between speech and packetdata or requires both type of services at the same time then ifnecessary, an inter-RAT handover can be used by the operator to selectthe most appropriate technology for offering the requested service tothe prospective subscriber.

Objectives of Quality Measurements

As indicated above, CPICH Ec/No and RSRQ are so-called neighbour cellquality measurement quantities used in WCDMA and E-UTRAN respectively.

In general the quality measurement (Q_(rx)) can be expressed as follows:

$\begin{matrix}{Q_{rx} = \frac{P_{rx}}{I + N_{o}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$Where, P_(rx) is the received power of the pilot or reference signal orchannel, i.e. signal strength part, I is the interference and N_(o) isthe noise. Depending upon the type of quality measurement the componentI can be interference on the pilot channel or the total interference onthe entire carrier or simply inter-cell interference plus noise. Incurrent quality measurements in WCDMA and in E-UTRAN the interferencemeasurement constitutes the entire interference on the carrier i.e. fromthe serving and all non serving cells. In reality the noise and theinterference within the same measurement bandwidth cannot be separated.This means that the interference measured by the UE would incorporateboth the actual interference and the noise i.e. the measured part is theentire denominator (I+N_(O)) in (1).

The goal of the neighbour cell quality measurement is to estimate andpredict the long term downlink quality that can be experienced by the UEin a particular cell. It should indeed indicate the signal quality orthroughput that the UE will achieve in a cell. This prediction enablesthe UE and the network to choose the most appropriate cell whenperforming cell reselection and handovers, respectively. In E-UTRAN anyset of resource blocks (i.e. part of the cell bandwidth) can be assignedto the UE for transmission. Therefore the quality measurement shouldcapture the overall long term average quality over the entire bandwidthor at least over the largest possible portion of the bandwidth. This isin contrast with E-UTRAN CQI measurement, which typically depicts shortterm quality of possibly a sub-set of the resource blocks from theserving cell.

Problems with Existing Solutions

As noted above, the quality measurements include the total interferenceon the entire carrier in their denominator e.g. RSRQ=RSRP/carrier RSSI.This means that the quality measurement also includes a contributionfrom the serving-cell signal. Especially in a OFDM based system likeE-UTRAN the serving-cell signal introduces negligible intra-cellinterference due to good orthogonality between the sub-carriers acrossthe cell bandwidth. In order to correctly track the cell quality thecontribution from the serving-cell signal should hence be excluded fromthe interference measurement part of the neighbour cell qualitymeasurement.

Furthermore, the statistical characteristics of the inter-cellinterference may be significantly different, depending on whether theinter-cell interference originates from:

-   -   1. reference symbols from neighbouring cells    -   2. data signaling from neighbouring cells    -   3. control signaling from neighbouring cells

Each of these three categories can have different transmission power andspatial characteristics.

For accurate neighbour cell quality measurement or estimation the UEmust have good, statistics, or suitably should obtain statistics orstatistical characteristics, of the inter-cell interference that ishitting or affecting the resource elements (RE) in the data channel,which is a mixture of the three categories mentioned above, herereferred to as I_d. One may also use the expression, the inter-cellinterference from the resource elements (RE) in neighbor cells, wherethe REs suitably should belong only to the data channel. But the REs mayalso be a mixture of one or more of the three categories of REs; datasignaling, control signaling and reference symbol containing REs.

The statistical characteristics of the inter-cell interference is herereferred to as I_d.

-   -   In reality, at least often, the inter-cell interference that is        hitting or affecting the resource elements (RE) in the data        channel is a mixture of the three categories 1, 2 and 3        mentioned above.    -   Ultimately or suitably, this interference statistics should be        measured, or measured and calculated, on the data channel        itself. However, this measurement is limited to resource        entities, i.e. or e.g. time-frequency resource elements, that        contain data scheduled to the particular user or UE doing the        measurement since there is only or mainly a good chance of        removing the contribution from the serving-cell signal for        resources where the UE doing the measurement is scheduled. One        may also say, for resources over which the UE is receiving data        sent by these resource entities. The limited number of        interference samples can significantly penalize the accuracy of        the statistics estimate, or of the measured or estimated        interference statistics. Moreover, in multiuser-MIMO        (MIMO=Multiple Input Multiple Output), i.e. or e.g. spatial        division multiple access, systems, several users may be assigned        the same data resource elements (RE), which in effect prohibits        the UE to separate the inter-cell interference from the        intra-cell interference, if the measurement is performed on data        REs.

Alternatively, the interference measurement can be performed on REscontaining reference symbols (RS). However, the statistics, or thestatistical characteristics, e.g. an average interference, of theinterference measurement on the neighbour cell RS, corresponding toI_RS, may have significantly different statistics than the interferenceon the data channel, or the control channel. It may also be the casethat the statistical characteristics of the interference measurement,I_RS, on the neighbour cell RS is different, or significantly different,than the statistical characteristics of the interference measurement onthe data channel, or of the interference measurement on the controlchannel. The interference measurement on the neighbour cell RS gives oryields the interference from the neighbour cell RS. There is a limitedset of RSs and in particular for MIMO, where the position holding a RSon one antenna is empty for a neighbouring antenna. Alternatively, onemay say that for MIMO the time-frequency resources, i.e. the resourceelements, containing the RS on different antennas are different.Therefore the interference hitting a RS will to a larger extent, ormainly, come from, or be contributed by, the RSs of the neighbouringcells. For example in lightly loaded systems, I_RS may be significantlydifferent, typically or often substantially larger, than I_d, becausepossibly data is not allocated to all resource blocks (RB) in theneighbouring cells. The statistics of the measured interference term maytherefore deviate significantly from the interference that hits the datachannel. The RS grid for a RB in case of 1, 2 and 4 transmit antennas isillustrated in FIGS. 2 a-2 c 4, as the resource grid 200. Between cells,the RS grid may be shifted in the frequency domain. This is because thestandard allows the possibility of configuring three possible shifts infrequency domain to allow the randomization of the interference. Thefrequency shift used in a cell is mapped on to primary synchronizationsequence (PSS). Therefore three unique PSS are possible. The frequencyshift is detected by the UE during the cell synchronization phase, whichrequires the detection of PSS. One RS grid may often span over a timeslot, 0.5 ms, or a sub-frame, 1 ms, in the time domain and over theentire cell bandwidth (BW) in the frequency domain, see FIGS. 2 e-2 f.In the frequency domain that is over multiple RBs, e.g. 50 RBs in a cellwith 10 MHz BW or 100 RBs in a cell with 20 MHz BW and so forth.Reference sign 202 indicates a resource element, which may be identifiedby an index (k,l) where l ranges from 0-6 and k from 0 to 12.

For 2 transmitting antennas only three frequency shifts for common RSsexists. This will lead to that not all data interference can bemeasured. Furthermore, the first three OFDM symbols might see controlchannel interference instead of data interference. Since controlsignaling may be differently power controlled than the data signalling,the interference estimate obtained on these RSs may not reflect theinterference present when data is transmitted. If common RSs in thelater part of a sub-frame is removed, for example because dedicated RSsare inserted instead, it might be necessary to measure interference ondata REs.

SUMMARY

The expression “neighbour cell quality measurement” includesmeasurements performed on or in the serving cell of an UE as well asmeasurements performed on or in neighbour cells of said serving cell.

In this description, the term “base station” is used to generallyrepresent any network node capable of wireless communication with a userterminal.

A cell specific grid of resource elements wherein a subset of theresource elements are intentionally planned and/or configured to besilent, i.e. to not have data or any type of transmission allocatedtherein, is called a silent resource element grid.

The first network node may e.g. be a user equipment (UE).

The second network node may e.g. be a base station.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution forneighbour cell quality measurements in a communications system that atleast to a certain extent alleviates one or more of the problemsindicated above.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a solution forneighbour cell quality measurements, which avoids including serving cellcontributions in the relevant interference measurements.

At least one of the above objects is achieved with the method/s,arrangement/s, network node/s or resource element grid according to theexample aspects and embodiments of the invention herein described.

Further objects and advantages are evident from the following.

Generally there is provided a method, executed in a first network nodeof a wireless communication system, for measuring neighbour cell qualityfor mobility purposes.

Said method may comprise the following steps:

-   -   Deriving a cell specific grid comprising resource elements        having no data allocation, i.e. a silent grid, of a neighbour        cell i whose quality is to be measured,    -   Measuring signal interference during said grid over a        measurement period,    -   Estimating the quality of the neighbour cell i based on the        measured signal interference.

According to one embodiment there is provided a first method, comprisingthe step of reporting said estimated quality of the neighbour cell i toa second network node.

According to another embodiment there is provided a first method,comprising calculating, measuring and/or estimating the quality of theneighbour cell i as the inter-cell interference that is measured orestimated during the silent resource element grid used in cell i.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a first method,wherein the inter-cell interference comprises the noise and the receivedpower from a data- or control channel, or a combination thereof.

According to yet a further embodiment there is provided a first method,comprising calculating, measuring and/or estimating the quality of theneighbour cell i using signal strength, e.g. Reference Symbol ReceivedPower (RSRP), and interference, e.g. inter-cell interference plus orincluding noise.

According to yet another embodiment there is provided a first method,comprising calculating, measuring and/or estimating the quality of theneighbour cell i as the Reference Symbol Received Quality (RSRQ) usingthe following equation:RSRQ=RSRP/(I _(inter-cell) +N ₀)

Where RSRP=Reference Symbol Received Power, I_(Inter-cell)=inter-cellinterference measured during the silent resource element grid used incell i and N₀=noise.

According to one embodiment there is provided a first method, comprisingdefining the position in the silent resource element grid of the dataresource elements having no data allocation, as a function of the cellID of the cell of the silent resource element grid.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a first method,comprising deriving the silent resource element grid for the firstnetwork node from the neighbour cell ID of the cell of the silentresource element grid. As an alternative, or in addition, it may becomprised the step of making the silent resource element grid known tothe first network node from the neighbour cell ID of the cell of thesilent resource element grid.

According to another embodiment there is provided a first method,comprising signaling or sending an index of the silent resource elementgrid used in a neighbour cell i, to the concerned first network node(s).The index may be sent via at least one control channel, e.g. a primaryor a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or a secondary or a dedicatedbroadcast channel (D-BCH).

According to yet another embodiment there is provided a first method,wherein the secondary or the dedicated broadcast channel (D-BCH) ismapped on, or sent via, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

Generally there is provided a first arrangement in a first network node.Said first arrangement may comprise at least one of the followingelements or means:

-   -   Grid deriving means for deriving a cell specific silent grid,        comprising data resource elements with no data allocation, of a        neighbour cell i to be quality measured,    -   Measuring means for measuring signal interference during said        silent grid over a measurement period,    -   Computing means for calculating, measuring and/or estimating the        quality of the neighbour cell i based on the measured signal        interference.

According to one embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,comprising reporting means for reporting said estimated quality of theneighbour cell i to a second network node.

According to another embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,wherein the computing means is adapted for calculating, measuring and/orestimating the quality of the neighbour cell i as the inter-cellinterference that is measured or estimated during the silent resourceelement grid used in cell i.

According to yet another embodiment there is provided a firstarrangement, wherein the inter-cell interference comprises the noise andthe received power from a data- or control channel, or a combinationthereof.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,wherein the computing means is adapted for calculating, measuring and/orestimating the quality of the neighbour cell i using signal strength,e.g. Reference Symbol Received Power (RSRP), and interference, e.g.inter-cell interference plus or including noise.

According to one embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,wherein the computing means is adapted for calculating, measuring and/orestimating the quality of the neighbour cell i as the Reference SymbolReceived Quality (RSRQ) using the following equation:RSRQ=RSRP/(I _(inter-cell) +N ₀)

Where RSRP=Reference Symbol Received Power, I_(inter-cell)=inter-cellinterference measured during the silent resource element grid used incell i and N₀=noise.

According to another embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,comprising defining means for defining the position in the silentresource element grid of the data resource elements having no dataallocation, as a function of the cell ID of the cell of the silentresource element grid (210).

According to a further embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,wherein the computing means is adapted for deriving the silent resourceelement grid for the first network node from the neighbour cell ID ofthe cell of the silent resource element grid. As an alternative, or inaddition, said computing means is adapted for making the silent resourceelement grid known to the first network node, from the neighbour cell IDof the cell of the silent resource element grid.

According to one embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,comprising transmitting means for signaling or sending an index of thesilent resource element grid used in a neighbour cell i, to theconcerned first network node/s, via at least one control channel, e.g. aprimary or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or a secondary or adedicated broadcast channel (D-BCH).

According to a further embodiment there is provided a first arrangement,wherein the transmitting means is adapted to mapp the secondary or thededicated broadcast channel (D-BCH) on, or send it via, a physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH).

Generally there is provided a second method executed in a second networknode, e.g. a base station, of a wireless communication system. Saidsecond method comprises configuring or designing a silent resourceelement grid, for use in neighbour cell quality measurements by a firstnetwork node of a wireless communication system. Said second methodcomprises at least one of the following steps;

-   -   configuring at least one of the resource elements in said silent        resource element grid to have no data allocation, thereby        achieving a silent resource element grid,    -   configuring at least some of the resource elements in said        silent resource element grid which, i.e the RE, can be used for        data transmission, to have no data allocation,    -   randomizing the silent resource element grid in consecutive, in        frequency and time, resource blocks,    -   changing the silent resource element grid, e.g. randomly, in        frequency and time.

According to one embodiment there is provided a second method, whereinsaid silent resource element grid comprises resource elements organizedin resource blocks, time slots, sub-frames and frames. Further saidsecond method involves grouping, suitably for each sub frame, theresource blocks into resource windows. Suitably each resource windowcomprises a group of resource blocks contiguous in frequency.

According to another embodiment there is provided a second method,comprising enumerating all resource elements that are not control orreference symbol signaling. Suitably said enumeration is made for eachresource window.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a second method,comprising selecting a specified number of silent resource elements fromthe set of enumerated resource elements. Said step of selecting may beperformed using a pseudo-random number generator that generates numbersuniformly in the range of the enumerated data resource elements.Suitably said step of selecting is made in, or for, each resourcewindow.

According to yet another embodiment there is provided a second method,comprising signaling an index of the silent resource element grid usedin a neighbour cell i, to the concerned first network node(s). Saidsignaling may be made via at least one control channel, e.g. a primaryor a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or a secondary or a dedicatedbroadcast channel (D-BCH).

According to one embodiment there is provided a second method, whereinthe secondary or the dedicated broadcast channel (D-BCH) is mapped on,or sent via, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

Generally there is provided a second arrangement in a second networknode, e.g. a base station, of a wireless communication system. Saidsecond arrangement comprises at least one of the following means;

-   -   First configuring means for configuring or designing a silent        resource element grid, for use in neighbour cell quality        measurements by a first network node of a wireless communication        system,    -   Second configuring means for configuring at least one of the        resource elements in said silent resource element grid to have        no data allocation, thereby achieving a silent resource element        grid,    -   Third configuring means for configuring at least some of the        resource elements in said silent resource element grid which,        i.e the RE, can be used for data transmission, to have no data        allocation,    -   Randomizing means for randomizing said silent resource element        grid in consecutive, in frequency and time, resource blocks,    -   Changing means for changing said silent resource element grid,        e.g. randomly, in frequency and time.

According to one embodiment there is provided a second arrangement,wherein said silent resource element grid comprises resource elementsorganized in resource blocks, time slots, sub-frames and frames. Saidsecond arrangement may comprise organizing means for grouping, suitablyfor each sub frame, the resource blocks into resource windows. Suitablyeach resource window comprises a group of resource blocks contiguous infrequency.

According to another embodiment there is provided a second arrangement,comprising enumerating means for, suitably for each resource window,enumerating all resource elements that are not control or referencesymbol signaling.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a secondarrangement, comprising selecting means for selecting, suitably in eachresource window, a specified number of silent resource elements from theset of enumerated resource elements. Suitably said selecting means isadapted to use e.g. using a pseudo-random number generator thatgenerates numbers uniformly in the range of the enumerated data resourceelements.

According to yet another embodiment there is provided a secondarrangement, comprising transmitting means for signaling or sending anindex of the silent resource element grid used in a neighbour cell i, tothe concerned first network node/s. Said transmitting means is suitablyadapted for signaling or sending said index via at least one controlchannel, e.g. a primary or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or asecondary or a dedicated broadcast channel (D-BCH).

According to one embodiment there is provided a second arrangement,wherein the transmitting means is adapted to map the secondary or thededicated broadcast channel (D-BCH) on, or send it via, a physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH).

Generally there is provided a silent resource element grid in a secondnetwork node of a wireless communication system, wherein said silentresource element grid is configured to comprise resource elements, e.g.data resource elements, having no data allocation. Said silent resourceelement grid may be adapted for use in neighbour cell qualitymeasurements by a first network node of said wireless communicationsystem.

According to one embodiment there is provided a silent resource elementgrid which is randomized in consecutive, in frequency and time, resourceblocks.

The present invention may as well, complementary or alternatively bedescribed as in the following.

A first aspect of the present invention relates to a method in a networknode, such as a user equipment (UE), of a wireless communication system,for measuring neighbour cell quality.

A first method step of the first aspect of the invention involvesderiving a cell specific grid of data resource elements (REs) with nodata allocation, of a neighbour cell i to be quality measured.

This provides the advantage that the assigned base station, e.g. NodeBor eNodeB, will be silent on this grid, hereinafter referred to as thesilent RE grid, which cell specific grid is also made known to theassigned node(s), e.g. UE.

Note that the silent RE grid refers to a grid of resource elements (REs)wherein a subset of the resource elements are intentionallyplanned/configured to be silent, i.e. to not have data allocatedtherein. This is a definition of the silent grid as it is to beunderstood throughout the whole description of the present invention.

A second method step of the first aspect of the invention involvesmeasuring signal interference during this silent RE grid.

Here the node measures the statistics of the signal(s) that is/arereceived on, or during, this silent RE grid. Such signal(s), e.g.denoted I_(inter-cell-data) and I_(inter-cell-control), originatescompletely from inter-cell signals that interfere with the data- and/orcontrol channel.

The statistics measurement is computationally trivial, because no datamust be decoded to obtain the residual noise and interference.

The interference that hit the control channel, I_(inter-cell-control),may be estimated in a similar way as that on the data channel byintroducing another silent RE grid on the control channel, i.e.,potentially up the first three ODFM symbols in the sub-frame. This isbecause according to the E-UTRAN standard the first three symbols in atime slot can be allocated for transmitting the control channels e.g.PDCCH or PHICH. In a third method step of the first aspect of theinvention the quality of the neighbour cell i is estimated based on themeasured signal interference, i.e. the inter-cell interference.

More specifically, the neighbour cell quality measurement for cell i maybe derived based on the inter-cell interference estimated or measuredduring the silent RE grid used in cell i. The inter-cell interferencemay comprise the received power from the data or control channel or acombination thereof. As an example the RSRQ may be measured orcalculated according to Equation (2) below. Both RSRP and theinterference parts should be sampled during the same period.

$\begin{matrix}{{RSRQ} = \frac{RSRP}{I_{{inter}\text{-}{cell}} + N_{o}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

Using the silent grid for neighbour cell quality measurements therebyavoids including serving-cell contributions in the relevant interferencemeasurements.

As previously stated, in reality the noise and interference cannot beseparated. This means that the inter-cell interference measured by thenode, e.g. the UE, would incorporate both the actual inter-cellinterference and the noise i.e. the measured part comprises the entiredenominator (I_(inter-cell)+N_(O)) in (2).

According to one embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the silentRE grid is derived or made known to the network node, e.g. the UE, fromthe neighbour cell ID. The silent resource element grid may be derivedfrom the neighbour cell ID e.g. by the use of predefined rules, e.g. inthe form of a table or a formula. In this context the neighbor cell IDis the cell ID of the cell of the silent resource element grid.

This has the advantage of providing little or no signaling overhead.

Alternatively, an index of the silent grid used in a neighbour cell issignaled to the concerned network node(s), e.g. via a primary or aphysical broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or a secondary or a dedicatedbroadcast channel (D-BCH). The secondary or dedicated broadcast channelmay be sent via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

A second aspect of the present invention relates to a network node, suchas a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS), e.g. NodeB or eNodeB,of a wireless communication system, capable of measuring neighbour cellquality, wherein the node comprises means arranged to perform the methodaccording to the first aspect of the invention.

A third aspect of the present invention relates to a method ofconfiguring, i.e. or e.g. designing, a silent resource element (RE) gridfor use in neighbour cell quality measurements by a network node of awireless communication system, e.g. for use in a neighbour cell qualitymeasurement according to the first aspect of the present invention.

A first method step of the third aspect of the present inventioninvolves grouping, for each sub frame, the resource blocks (RBs) intoresource windows (RWs).

Here each resource windows (RW) is preferably a group of contiguous, infrequency, resource blocks (RBs). The number of RBs in each RW ispreferably or suitably configured semi-statically. As special cases,there could be only one RW that represent the entire system bandwidth,or there could be a RW for each RB. For neighbour cell qualitymeasurements it should preferably, or may suitably, be over the entiresystem bandwidth.

A second method step of this aspect of the invention involvesenumerating all REs that do not carry, or are not, control signaling,e.g. physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), or reference signal (RS)signaling, for each RW. In other words enumerate all REs that onlycontain data.

A third method step of this aspect of the invention involves selecting,in each RW, a specified number of silent REs from the set of enumeratedREs using a pseudo-random number generator that generates numbersuniformly in the range of the enumerated data REs.

Here the first method step of grouping into RWs will ensure thatclustering of silent REs is sufficiently limited. The number of selectedsilent REs may be fixed, derived from the number of RBs in each RW orsemi-statically configured.

According to one embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, thesilent RE grid is randomized in consecutive, in frequency and time,resource blocks.

This has the advantage of minimizing the effects of potentiallyoverlapping grids of neighbouring cells.

The grid in each cell can be randomly changed in each cell. This enablesthat interference is not always measured through the same grid rather onthe average over larger number of RE.

A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a resource element(RE) grid configured to be silent, e.g. according to the third aspect ofthe invention, for use in a method for measuring neighbour cell quality,e.g. according to the first aspect of the present invention.

The present invention may further be described as in the following.

According to one aspect there is provided a first method executed in afirst network node, e.g. a user equipment, of a wireless communicationsystem, for measuring neighbour cell quality for mobility purposes. Saidfirst method may comprise one or more of the following steps;

-   -   Deriving a cell specific grid comprising data resource elements        with no data allocation, i.e. a silent grid, of a neighbour cell        i whose quality is to be measured,    -   Measuring signal interference during said grid,    -   Estimating the quality of the neighbour cell i based on the        measured signal interference.

According to one embodiment there is provided a first method, comprisingthe step of reporting said estimated quality of the neighbour cell i toa second network node.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a first method,wherein the neighbour cell quality measurement for cell i is derivedbased on the inter-cell interference estimated or measured during thesilent resource element grid used in cell i.

According to another embodiment there is provided a first method,wherein the inter-cell interference comprises he received power from adata- or control channel, or a combination thereof.

According to yet a further embodiment there is provided a first method,wherein the quality of the neighbour cell i is calculated, measuredand/or estimated as Reference Symbol Received Quality (RSRQ).

According to one embodiment there is provided a first method, whereinthe Reference Symbol Received Quality (RSRQ) is calculated using thefollowing equation:RSRQ=RSRP/(I _(inter-cell) +N ₀)Where RSRP=Reference Symbol Received Power and N₀=Noise.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a first method,wherein the silent resource element (RE) grid is derived or made knownto the first network node, e.g. a user equipment, from the neighbourcell identity (ID).

According to one embodiment there is provided a first method, wherein anindex of the silent grid used in a neighbour cell i is signaled to theconcerned first network node(s), e.g. a user equipment, via e.g. aprimary broadcast channel (PBCH) and/or a secondary broadcast channel(D-BCH).

According to a second aspect there is provided a first arrangement in afirst network node, e.g. a user equipment, comprising first meansarranged to perform the mentioned first method according to any of itsembodiments.

According to a third aspect there is provided a second method, executedin a second network node, e.g. a base station, of a wirelesscommunication system. Said second method may comprise configuring i.e.designing, a silent resource element (RE) grid for use in neighbour cellquality measurements by a first network node of a wireless communicationsystem. Said second method may comprise at least one of the followingsteps;

-   -   Configuring said silent resource element grid to comprise a        subset of data resource elements which are planned/configured to        be silent, i.e. to not have data allocated therein,    -   Randomizing the silent resource element grid in consecutive, in        frequency and time, resource blocks,    -   Changing said silent resource element grid over time and/or        frequency.

According to one embodiment there is provided a second method whereinsaid silent resource element (RE) grid comprises sub frames. Further,said second method suitably involves grouping, for each sub frame, theresource blocks (RBs) into resource windows (RW). Preferably eachresource window (RW) is a group of contiguous, in frequency, resourceblocks (RB).

According to one embodiment there is provided a second method involving,for each resource window, enumerating all resource elements that are notcontrol or reference symbol signaling.

According to a further embodiment there is provided a second method,involving selecting, in each resource window, a specified number ofsilent resource elements from the set of enumerated resource elements.Suitably this is performed using a pseudo-random number generator thatgenerates numbers uniformly in the range of the enumerated data resourceelements.

According to a fourth aspect there is provided a resource element gridconfigured to be silent, e.g. according to any of the aspects orembodiments of the second method, for use in a method for measuringneighbour cell quality, e.g. according to any of the aspects orembodiments of the first method.

The present invention according to the aspects and embodiments thereofherein described provides the advantage of allowing more accurateinterference estimation or measurement i.e. substantially onlyinter-cell interference which is experienced by the UE in practice.Also, or another advantage is that, the neighbour cell qualitymeasurement provides a more accurate prediction of the actual quality ofthe downlink in a particular cell. A further advantage of the presentinvention is the improvement of the mobility performance, i.e. or e.g.the improved cell reselection and handovers.

The present invention provides the advantages of:

-   -   allowing more accurate interference estimation i.e. only, or        substantially only, inter-cell interference which is experienced        by the UE in practice.    -   enabling more accurate prediction of the actual quality of the        downlink in a particular cell.    -   improving the mobility performance, i.e. or e.g. cell        reselection and handovers.

Herein described method steps and other features of the invention may beimplemented by software executed by a processor in one or severalnetwork nodes, such as a mobile terminal also called UE or mobilestation, and/or a radio base station also called NodeB or eNodeB.

One suitable example of a silent RE grid is a RE grid where some of theresource elements, such REs which could potentially contain data, areunused, i.e. forming a silent grid.

Any examples and terminology relating to 3GPP LTE standard being usedherein should not be seen as limiting the scope of the invention, themethodology of which in principle may be applied to other systems aswell, including e.g. WCDMA. It should also be noted that the presentinvention is in principle equally applicable both in the downlink aswell as the uplink of a wireless system.

The features described above in relation to the method/s according tothe invention may, where applicable, also be implemented in aarrangement/s according to the invention with the same advantages asdescribed in relation to the method/s.

It goes without saying that all of the above mentioned aspects,embodiments and features of the invention may be freely combined, e.g.in the same embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exemplary illustration of RSRP measurement averaging inE-UTRAN.

FIGS. 2 a, 2 b 1, 2 b 2 and 2 c 1-2 c 4 illustrates one example of areference symbol (RS) or resource grid 200 for a size of two resourceblocks (RB) in the time domain in case of 1, 2 and 4 transmittingantennas.

FIG. 2 d is an exemplary illustration of a silent grid in the case ofone antenna port, illustrating that some of the resource elements, whichcould potentially contain data are unused, i.e. forming a silent grid.

FIGS. 2 e, 2 f and 2 g are figures where OFDM symbol, time slot, RB, RW,sub frame, frame are schematically illustrated in schematicallyillustrated resource element grid/s. The symbols . . . :

indicate that not all elements are shown. In FIGS. 2 e, 2 f and 2 gthese symbols are used to indicate that not all REs or resource elementgrids are shown, this for sake of clarity.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary schematic drawing of a network where the presentmethods and arrangements may be used.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method, e.g.according to the first aspect, which may be performed in the first, orthird, network node. Said method may also be performed in a network nodeof similar type.

FIG. 5 a is a drawing schematically illustrating one example of a firstarrangement, which e.g. may be present in a first network node, and/orin a network node according to the second aspect.

FIG. 5 b is a drawing schematically illustrating another example of afirst arrangement, which e.g. may be present in a first network node,and/or in a network node according to the second aspect.

FIG. 6 is a drawing schematically illustrating one example of a userequipment (UE),

FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a method, e.g.according to the third aspect, which may be performed in the secondnetwork node. Said method may also be performed in a network node ofsimilar type.

FIG. 8 is a drawing schematically illustrating one example of a secondarrangement, which e.g. may be present in a second network node, and/orin a network node according to the second aspect.

FIG. 9 is a drawing schematically illustrating one example of a basestation (BS),

ABBREVIATIONS UE User Equipment RB Resource Block RE Resource Element RWResource Window I_d Interference on data symbols I_RS Interference onreference symbols CPICH Common pilot channel RSRP Reference symbolreceived power RSRQ Reference symbol received quality RSSI Receivedsignal strength indicator PBCH Physical or primary broadcast channelPDSCH Physical downlink shared channel D-BCH Dedicated or secondarybroadcast channel P-SCH Primary synchronization channel S-SCH Secondarysynchronization channel PSS Primary synchronization sequence SSSSecondary synchronization sequence

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The, or one, general idea is to measure or estimate the interferencepart of the neighbour cell quality measurement (e.g. RSRQ) from servingand neighbour cells during silent grid of resource element, or during asilent resource element grid. Currently, or in the background art, theinterference part of neighbour cell quality measurement, e.g. RSRQ,includes contribution from the serving cell as well. The methods andarrangements in, or according to, the present invention will ensure thatneighbour cell quality measurement, e.g. RSRQ, contains only, orsubstantially only, inter-cell interference. This will enable moreaccurate estimation or calculation of RSRQ or quality since in OFDMAintra-cell interference is often negligible.

In the following, various embodiments and alternatives of the inventionand its features will be described.

Briefly described, the present invention involves a method/s andarrangement/s for neighbour cell quality measurements in atelecommunications system, using a silent resource element grid.

In more detail, the invention includes the following general steps andfeatures, and example realizations. In the following focus is put on thedata channel, but the same approach, with straightforward modifications,may be also applied to estimate the interference that hits the controlchannel. The invention will partly be described with reference to thedrawings but the information stated is not limited to any specificexample or embodiment but can be generally deployed or used.

Designing the Silent Grids

Several aspects should be kept in mind when designing the silentresource element grid, such as the exemplary silent resource grid 210 inFIG. 2 d.

1. The interference on, or hitting, the silent resource element gridshould suitably reflect the interference statistics of the data channelas a whole. Therefore the distribution of silent REs over the datachannel should suitably be as uniform as possible. But also if thedistribution of silent REs over the data channel is not as uniform as itcould be, using a silent resource element grid is advantageous.2. The silent resource element grid should preferably or suitably bepseudo-random in the sense that it suitably should change over timeand/or frequency to avoid significant long-term overlap with silentgrids of neighbouring cells. The silent resource element grid may alsobe used without being changing over time and/or frequency, e.g. beingpseudo-random.

It should be noted that, concerning silent resource element gridschanging over time and/or frequency, the invention is not limited topseudo-random silent resource element grids; for example, an alternativemethod is to coordinate the silent resource element grids ofneighbouring cells such that no significant overlap occur. Such anapproach does, or may, however result in significant deploymentdifficulties as it typically requires careful planning.

3. The UEs should preferably, or suitably, be able to readily derivewhich silent resource element grid that is being used with little orpreferably no control signaling overhead.

Note that the invention is not limited to this constraint, even thoughit is preferable or suitable; it is conceivable to use explicitsignaling of the silent resource element grid layout.

4. Clustering of the silent REs in one or a few RBs should preferably orsuitably be avoided for improved sample statistics. This is illustratedby an example below.

-   -   a. For example assume there are 2 silent resource elements (RE)        every 5^(th) resource block (RB) in a cell and maximum of 4        silent RE are allowed in one RB. Hence out of 12 RE in a RB, 4        are silent RE. This means in total there are 4 silent RE per RB        in all cells. In case of 10 MHz cell, i.e. containing 50 RB, the        entire silent grid per cell comprises of 20 RE i.e. 2 RE every        5^(th) RB. Thus in total there are: 10×2=20 unique silent RE        grids, which can be used in different cells. This is because in        different cells the resource blocks containing the silent RE        could be different. For instance in one cell the first RB        containing the silent RE is also the first RB in numerological        order, the next one is 5^(th) and so on. But in another cell the        first RB containing the silent RE can be the second RB in        numerological order, the next one is 6^(th) and so on. This        means a silent grid is to be reused after every 20^(th) cell in        this example.

One scheme that achieves these four criteria is as follows:

-   -   For each sub frame the RBs are suitably grouped into resource        windows (RW).        -   Each RW is suitably a group of contiguous, e.g. in            frequency, RBs.        -   The number of RBs in each RW is suitably configured            semi-statically.        -   As special cases, there could be only one RW that represents            the entire system bandwidth, or there could be a RW for each            RB. For neighbour cell quality measurement it should            preferably or suitably be over the entire system bandwidth.            That is, it is suitable that one RW represents the entire            system bandwidth.    -   For each RW, suitably all REs that are not control or RS        signaling are enumerated    -   In each RW, suitably a specified number of silent REs are        selected from the set of enumerated REs, e.g.;        -   using a pseudo-random number generator that generates            numbers uniformly in the range of the enumerated REs, e.g.            data REs. The grouping into RWs will ensure that clustering            of silent REs is sufficiently limited.        -   As an alternative to using a pseudo-random number generator            it is also possible that the silent resource element grid is            altered periodically in all cells. Suitably the UE knows, or            is informed of, the current pattern for this periodical            alteration in the serving cell. For example a certain            pattern may start every frame number k in serving cell ‘s’            whose cell ID is known. The UE can then derive the current            pattern for a silent resource element grid in a neighbour            cell i from its cell ID, i.e. the cell ID of the neighbor            cell i. For example, when cell ‘s’ uses a certain silent            resource element grid N, then at the same time cell i uses a            certain silent resource element grid M. This relation    -   The number of selected silent REs may e.g. be a) fixed, b)        derived from the number of RBs in each RW or c) semi-statically        configured.        -   In alternative a) the number of silent REs depends upon how            many REs that it is acceptable to use or sacrifice for the            inter-cell interference measurement, instead of using them            for e.g. data transmission. The number of silent REs also            depends on the cell BW. One may say that the number of            silent REs is proportional to the cell BW and/or to the            total number of RBs.        -   In alternative b) this may e.g. be implemented as follows:            assuming that it is allowed to have 2 silent REs every            5^(th) RB in a cell and a maximum of 4 silent RE in one RB.            Then there are a total of 4 silent REs per RB. Hence, out of            12 RE in a RB, 4 are silent RE. Then, if the cell BW is 10            MHz, meaning 50 RBs are present, then the entire silent            resource element grid per cell comprises 20 silent? RE.            -   In total there are: 10×2=20 silent RE grids available.                They suitably should be reused after every 20^(th) cell.        -   In alternative c) this may e.g. be implemented as follows:            By manual configuration or by an operation and maintenance            function which connects to the base station (BS) for            configuring various parameters. Another possibility is to            use a self optimized network (SON), which automatically            configures various BS parameters and which also could            configure the silent resource element grid.

The scheme can also readily be generalized to let a RW constitute only apart of a RB in the time domain. For example, the OFDM symbols in the RBcan be grouped so that symbols including RS symbols, and data symbols,are mapped to RW_RS and OFDM symbols carrying only data are mapped toRW_d. For example, the OFDM symbols in the RB can be grouped so thatsymbols including RS symbols, and data symbols, are mapped to RW_RS andOFDM symbols carrying only data are mapped to RW_d. Hence, RW_RSrepresents a set or group of OFDM symbols which contain only RS in a RB.

It is also conceivable to use a different number of silent REs in RW_RSand, or than in, RW_d. Such a separation of the OFDM symbols can beuseful since the inter-cell interference that hit RW_RS and RW_d willhave different interference statistics. This in turn would lead todifferent estimation of downlink quality. For instance from neighborcell measurement perspective, the interference statistics based on RW_dis beneficial as it would depict the actual cell quality.

Another advantage of the present invention is that the power that may besaved by remaining silent on some REs may be redistributed to boost thepower on other REs that carry data or reference symbols. Such powerreallocation combined by the preceding method of, or part on, assigningdifferent OFDM symbols to different RW categories, can be a usefulapproach to reallocate the power within OFDM symbols. This for examplein order to support different powers on the REs carrying RS and the REscarrying data in the same OFDM symbol.

Determining the Silent RE Grid

As indicated in the preceding, it is, or may be, beneficial to let thesilent RE grid be generated pseudo-randomly to transparently avoidconsistent grid-overlap, or overlap of silent resource element grids,with neighbouring cells. It is therefore necessary or suitable tosynchronize the pseudo-random generators used at the NodeB, or basestation, with those in the UEs. A simple or straight forward scheme forsynchronizing the pseudo-random generators is to reinitialize thepseudo-random generators in each frame using a seed that is derivedfrom:

-   -   1. Cell identity (cell ID) to provide uniqueness for each cell.    -   2. Frame index to provide hopping over time.

Both the cell ID and the frame index are available at the UEs. InE-UTRAN the cell ID is mapped on the synchronization channel, SCH,(P-SCH or PSS and S-SCH or SSS) as well as on the reference symbols.Therefore the UE acquires the entire cell ID from P-SCH or PSS and S-SCHor SSS signals during the synchronization procedure of each cell. The UEhas to acquire the cell ID of all the necessary neighbour cells. Thismeans it, or the UE, can easily derive the silent RE grid used in allthe neighbour cells without reading any additional information such asa/the broadcast channel. In this case the procedure is, or can be, asfollows: The UE first acquires the silent RE grid in a cell and thenmeasures the interference during this silent RE grid. This in turn isused to measure or calculate the neighbour cell quality of thisparticular cell.

Note that any re-initialization interval of the pseudo-random numbergenerator can be used as long as there is a suitable index available atthe UE and that can be used to progress the seed over time; thisincludes, but is not limited to, a sub frame, or groups of frames.

Another possibility is that in E-UTRAN the seed or the index of thesilent RE grid used in a cell is signaled via the primary or thephysical broadcast channel (P-BCH or PBCH) rather than being mapped tothe cell ID. It is relatively easier for the UE to read the P-BCH or thePBCH compared to the full fledge dedicated broadcast channel (D-BCH),which is mapped on to downlink shared channel, i.e. PDSCH (PhysicalDownlink Shared CHannel). The D-BCH contains the entire systeminformation, which is transmitted in the form of blocks of data calledas system information blocks (SIB). But in principle the seed or indexof the silent RE grid can also be transmitted via D-BCH. In anotherembodiment, or as an alternative, the silent grid RE, or silent resourceelement grid, information sent in a cell can be split into two parts:one static part mapped on cell ID and one semi-static part transmittedvia a broadcast channel i.e. P-BCH, PBCH or D-BCH. In either of thesemethods or cases, which use P-BCH, PBCH, or D-BCH, the UE will have tofirst read the P-BCH, PBCH or D-BCH, depending on where it is sent orwhich channel that is used, of a neighbour cell to acquire the completeinformation about the silent RE grid used in that cell. After acquiringthe silent grid RE pattern, or the pattern of the silent resourceelement grid, the UE shall perform the neighbour cell qualitymeasurement.

An, or one, important aspect of the invention is, as already mentioned,that the inter-cell interference for neighbour cell quality measurementfrom, or regarding, cell i is measured during the silent RE grid in celli, thus avoiding the contribution from serving-cell signal into theinterference statistic. The inter-cell interference estimation isfurther elaborated in the following.

Measuring the Inter-Cell Interference

The silent RE grid is used by the UEs to collect statistics of theinter-cell interference that hit the data channel or the controlchannel. If the silent RE grid is uniformly distributed over the datachannel, as suggested in the preceding, the interference samplescollected in the silent RE grid will, over time, be the same as theinterference that hit the data channel as a whole. These samples canthus be utilized by the UE to estimate:

-   -   The inter-cell interference power that hits the data channel.    -   The co-variance matrix of the inter-cell interference that hits        the data channel. This is particularly useful if the UE has        multiple antennas    -   The full probability distribution of the inter-cell        interference.

The measured statistics can be averaged over time and frequency, in asimilar manner as the approach proposed in reference [3]. One importantdifference is that in case of the neighbor cell quality measurement theaveraging in time is done over considerably longer period of timecompared to that used for CQI estimation. In case of CQI the averagingis over one or more sub-frames. This is further explained below.

The silent resource element grid is suitably continuously available,e.g. in every sub-frame, i.e. every 1 ms. But the neighbour cell qualitymeasurement is done over a certain measurement period using periodicalsamples e.g. over a measurement period of 200 ms where each sample maybe of 2 ms and may be taken with 50 ms periodicity, i.e. 4 samples of 2ms in a 200 ms measurement period in this example.

As explained in the preceding sections, this inter-cell interferencemeasurement sample will be used in Equation (1) or more specifically inEquation (2) to obtain the cell quality measurement i.e. or e.g. RSRQ.But the invention is applicable to any type of quality measurement whichincorporates the interference component.

With the above understanding of the drawings in mind, FIG. 3 illustratesa network that includes three network nodes, 300, 302, and 304. The node300 includes a first arrangement 500, e.g., processing circuitry. In oneembodiment, the first arrangement 500 comprises a part 502 asillustrated in FIG. 5 a. In another embodiment, the first arrangement500 (comprising parts 504, 506, 507, 508, 509, and 510 illustrated inFIG. 5 b) is configured to: derive a cell-specific silent grid of aneighbor cell to measure a quality of the neighbor cell, thecell-specific silent grid comprising data resource elements with no dataallocation; measure an inter-cell interference during said silent gridover a measurement period; and estimate the quality of the neighbor cellbased on the measured signal interference.

Correspondingly, the second network node 302 includes a secondarrangement 800. In one embodiment, the second arrangement 800,comprising parts 802, 804, 806, 808, 810, 812, 814, 816, and 818 asillustrated in FIG. 8, is configured to determine a silent resourceelement grid, for use in neighbor cell quality measurements by a firstnetwork node of a wireless communication system, e.g., by the node 300.Additionally or alternatively, the second arrangement 800 is configuredto achieve the silent resource element grid by configuring one or moreresource elements in the grid to have no data allocation. Additionallyor alternatively, the second arrangement 800 is configured to randomizethe silent resource element grid (702) in resource blocks that areconsecutive in frequency and time. Additionally or alternatively, thesecond arrangement 800 is configured to change the silent resourceelement grid, e.g. randomly, in frequency and time. Additionally oralternatively, the second arrangement 800 is configured to group theresource blocks in each sub frame into resource windows. Additionally oralternatively, the second arrangement 800 is configured to enumerate allresource elements that are not used for control or reference symbolsignaling and to select a specified number of silent resource elementsfrom the enumerated resource elements by using a pseudo-random numbergenerator to generate random numbers uniformly distributed in the rangeof the enumerated resource elements. Additionally or alternatively, thesecond arrangement 800 is configured to transmit an index of the silentresource element grid used in the neighbor cell to the first networknode via at least one control channel.

The first arrangement 500 may be implemented in a user equipment 600shown in FIG. 6 and an exemplary flowchart of the innovative methodscarried out by the first arrangement 500 is illustrated in FIG. 4.

The second arrangement 800 may be implemented in a base station 900 asshown in FIG. 9 and an exemplary flowchart of the innovative methodsassociated with the second arrangement 800 is illustrated in FIG. 7.

The described subject matter is of course not limited to the abovedescribed embodiments, alternatives and examples, but can be modifiedwithin the scope of the general concept of the invention.

REFERENCES

-   [1] 3GPP TS 25.215, “Physical layer measurements (FDD)”.-   [2] 3GPP TS 36.214, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E    UTRA); Physical layer measurements”.-   [3] R1-074855, CQI Measurement Methodology, Ericsson, 3GPP RAN 1    #51, Korea.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method, executed in a first network nodeof a wireless communication system, for measuring a quality of aneighbor cell for mobility purposes, the method comprising: obtaining acell-specific silent grid for measuring the quality of a neighbor cell,the cell-specific silent grid comprising resource elements having nodata allocation; measuring signal interference over said grid during ameasurement period in one or more of the resource elements of said gridhaving no data allocation; and estimating the quality of the neighborcell based on the measured signal interference; wherein the quality ofthe neighbour cell is calculated based on an inter-cell interferencemeasured or estimated during the cell-specific silent grid by usingsignal strength and interference.
 2. A method according to claim 1,further comprising a step of reporting said estimated quality of theneighbor cell to a second network node.
 3. A method according to claim1, wherein the inter-cell interference comprises noise and a receivedpower from a data channel or a control channel, or a combinationthereof.
 4. A method according to claim 1, further comprisingcalculating the quality of the neighbor cell as a Reference SymbolReceived Quality (RSRQ) using the following equation:RSRQ=RSRP/(I _(inter-cell) +N ₀), where RSRP=Reference Symbol ReceivedPower, I_(inter-cell)=inter-cell interference measured during the silentresource element grid used in cell i, and N₀=noise.
 5. A methodaccording to claim 1, further comprising defining a position in thecell-specific silent grid of the resource elements having no dataallocation, as a function of a cell ID of the cell corresponding to thecell-specific silent grid.
 6. A method according to claim 1, furthercomprising deriving the cell-specific silent grid for the first networknode, from a cell ID of the neighbor cell; and making the cell-specificsilent grid known to the first network node.
 7. A method according toclaim 1, further comprising signaling or sending an index of thecell-specific silent grid, to the first network node, via at least onecontrol channel.
 8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the at leastone control channel is a broadcast channel mapped on, or sent via, aphysical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
 9. An arrangement in a firstnetwork node, comprising a transceiver and a processor, said processorconfigured to: obtaining a cell-specific silent grid to measure aquality of a neighbor cell, the cell-specific silent grid comprisingdata resource elements with no data allocation; measure an inter-cellinterference during said silent grid over a measurement period in one ormore of the data resource elements of said silent grid with no dataallocation; and estimate the quality of the neighbor cell based on themeasured signal interference; wherein the quality of the neighbour cellis calculated as an inter-cell interference measured or estimated duringthe cell-specific silent grid by using signal strength and interference.10. A arrangement according to claim 9, further configured to reportsaid estimated quality of the neighbor cell to a second network node.11. An arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the inter-cellinterference comprises noise and a received power from a data channel orcontrol channel, or a combination thereof.
 12. An arrangement accordingto claim 9, wherein the first arrangement is configured to estimate thequality of the neighbor cell based on calculating a Reference SymbolReceived Quality (RSRQ) using the following equation:RSRQ=RSRP/(I _(inter-cell) +N ₀), where RSRP=Reference Symbol ReceivedPower, I_(inter-cell)=inter-cell interference measured during thecell-specific silent grid used in the neighbor cell and N₀=noise.
 13. Anarrangement according to claim 9, further configured to define theposition in the cell-specific silent grid as a function of a cell ID ofthe neighbor cell.
 14. An arrangement according to claim 9, wherein: thecell-specific silent grid is derived from a cell ID of the neighborcell; and the cell-specific silent grid is made known to the firstnetwork node.
 15. An arrangement according to claim 9, furtherconfigured to transmit an index of the cell-specific silent grid to thefirst network node, via one or more control channels.
 16. An firstarrangement according to claim 15, wherein the arrangement is configuredto transmit the index of the cell-specific silent grid via a secondaryor a dedicated broadcast channel (D-BCH), or a physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH).